SharePoint 2010 boundaries, thresholds and supported limits

Many would be considering SharePoint 2010 for their environment and questions will be asked to SharePoint Admins and Architects on the product.
Here is some handy information from Microsoft on the limitations (boundaries) of SharePoint 2010.


Before we dive into it, lets define what are the limit types:

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Boundaries: Static limits that cannot be exceeded by design

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Thresholds: Configurable limits that can be exceeded to accommodate specific requirements

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Supported limits: Configurable limits that have been set by default to a tested value.

Web application limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for Web applications.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Content database	300 per Web application	Supported	With 300 content databases per Web application, end user operations such as opening the site or site collections are not affected. But administrative operations such as creating a new site collection will experience decrease in performance. We recommend that you use Windows PowerShell to manage the Web application when a large number of content databases are present, because the management interface becomes slow and difficult to navigate.
Zone	5 per Web application	Boundary	The number of zones defined for a farm is hard-coded to 5. Zones include Default, Intranet, Extranet, Internet, and custom.
Managed path	20 per Web application	Supported	Managed paths are cached on the Web server, and CPU resources are used to process incoming requests against the managed path list. Exceeding 20 managed paths per Web application adds more load to the Web server for each request. If you plan to exceed twenty managed paths in a given Web application, we recommend that you test for acceptable system performance.
Solution cache size	300 MB per Web application	Threshold	The solution cache allows the InfoPath Forms service to hold solutions in cache in order to speed up retrieval of the solutions. If the cache size is exceeded, solutions are retrieved from disk, which may slow down response times. You can configure the size of the solution cache by using the Windows PowerShell cmdlet Set-SPInfoPathFormsService. For more information, see Set-SPInfoPathFormsService [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff608034.aspx ] .

Web server and application server limits
The following table lists the recommended guidelines for Web servers on the farm.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Application pools	10 per Web server	Supported	The maximum number is determined by hardware capabilities. This limit is dependent largely upon: The amount of RAM allocated to the Web servers The workload that the farm is serving, that is, the user base and the usage characteristics (a single highly active application pools can reach 10 GB or more)

Content database limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for content databases.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Content database size	200 GB per content database	Supported	We strongly recommended limiting the size of content databases to 200 GB to help ensure system performance. Content database sizes up to 1 terabyte are supported only for large, single-site repositories and archives with non-collaborative I/O and usage patterns, such as Records Centers. Larger database sizes are supported for these scenarios because their I/O patterns and typical data structure formats have been designed for, and tested at, larger scales. For more information about large-scale document repositories, see “Estimate Performance and Capacity Requirements for Large Scale Document Repositories”, available from Performance and capacity test results and recommendations (SharePoint Server 2010) [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff608068.aspx ] , and “Typical large-scale content management scenarios [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/cc263028.aspx ] “, available from Enterprise content storage planning (SharePoint Server 2010) [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/cc263028.aspx ] . A site collection should not exceed 100 GB unless it is the only site collection in the database.
Site collections per content database	2,000 recommended 5,000 maximum	Supported	We strongly recommended limiting the number of site collections in a content database to 2,000. However, up to 5,000 site collections in a database are supported. These limits relate to speed of upgrade. The larger the number of site collections in a database, the slower the upgrade. The limit on the number of site collections in a database is subordinate to the limit on the size of a content database that has more than one site collection (200 GB). Therefore, as the number of site collections in a database increases, the average size of the site collections it contains must decrease. Exceeding the 2,000 site collection limit puts you at risk of longer downtimes during upgrades. If you plan to exceed 2,000 site collections, we recommend that you have a clear upgrade strategy, and obtain additional hardware to speed up upgrades and software updates that affect databases. To set the warning level for the number of sites in a content database, use the Windows PowerShell cmdlet Set-SPContentDatabase with the -WarningSiteCount parameter. For more information, see Set-SPContentDatabase [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff607912.aspx ] .
Remote BLOB Storage (RBS) storage subsystem on Network Attached Storage (NAS)	Time to first byte of any response from the NAS cannot exceed 20 milliseconds	Boundary	When SharePoint Server 2010 is configured to use RBS, and the BLOBs reside on NAS storage, consider the following boundary. From the time that SharePoint Server 2010 requests a BLOB, until it receives the first byte from the NAS, no more than 20 milliseconds can pass.

Site collection limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for site collections.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Web site	250,000 per site collection	Supported	The maximum recommended number of sites and subsites is 250,000 sites. You can create a very large total number of Web sites by nesting subsites. For example, in a shallow hierarchy with 100 sites, each with 1,000 subsites, you would have a total of 100,000 Web sites. Or a deep hierarchy with 100 sites, each with 10 subsite levels would also contain a total of 100,000 Web sites. Note: Deleting or creating a site or subsite can significantly affect a site’s availability. Access to the site and subsites will be limited while the site is being deleted. Attempting to create many subsites at the same time may also fail.
Site collection size	100 GB per site collection	Supported	A site collection should not exceed 100 GB unless it is the only site collection in the database. Certain site collection actions, such as site collection backup/restore or the Windows PowerShell cmdlet Move-SPSite, cause large Microsoft SQL Server operations which can affect performance or fail if other site collections are active in the same database. For more information, see Move-SPSite [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff607915.aspx ] .

List and library limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for lists and libraries. For more information, see the “Designing Large Lists and Maximizing List Performance” white paper available from Performance and capacity test results and recommendations (SharePoint Server 2010) [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ff608068.aspx ] .

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
List row size	8,000 bytes per row	Boundary	Each list or library item can only occupy 8000 bytes in total in the database. 256 bytes are reserved for built-in columns, which leaves 7744 bytes for end-user columns. For details on how much space each kind of field consumes, see Column limits.
File size	2 GB	Boundary	The default maximum file size is 50 MB. This can be increased up to 2 GB, however a large volume of very large files can affect farm performance.
Documents	30,000,000 per library	Supported	You can create very large document libraries by nesting folders, or using standard views and site hierarchy. This value may vary depending on how documents and folders are organized, and by the type and size of documents stored.
Major versions	400,000	Supported	If you exceed this limit, basic file operations—such as file open or save, delete, and viewing the version histor— may not succeed.
Items	30,000,000 per list	Supported	You can create very large lists using standard views, site hierarchies, and metadata navigation. This value may vary depending on the number of columns in the list and the usage of the list.
Rows size limit	6 table rows internal to the database used for a list or library item	Supported	Specifies the maximum number of table rows internal to the database that can be used for a list or library item. To accommodate wide lists with many columns, each item may be wrapped over several internal table rows, up to six rows by default. This is configurable by farm administrators through the object model only. The object model method is SPWebApplication.MaxListItemRowStorage [ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sharepoint.administration.spwebapplication.maxlistitemrowstorage.aspx ] .
Bulk operations	100 items per bulk operation	Boundary	The user interface allows a maximum of 100 items to be selected for bulk operations.
List view lookup threshold	8 join operations per query	Threshold	Specifies the maximum number of joins allowed per query, such as those based on lookup, person/group, or workflow status columns. If the query uses more than eight joins, the operation is blocked. This does not apply to single item operations. When using the maximal view via the object model (by not specifying any view fields), SharePoint will return up to the first eight lookups.
List view threshold	5,000	Threshold	Specifies the maximum number of list or library items that a database operation, such as a query, can process at the same time outside the daily time window set by the administrator during which queries are unrestricted.
List view threshold for auditors and administrators	20,000	Threshold	Specifies the maximum number of list or library items that a database operation, such as a query, can process at the same time when they are performed by an auditor or administrator with appropriate permissions. This setting works with Allow Object Model Override.
Subsite	2,000 per site view	Threshold	The interface for enumerating subsites of a given Web site does not perform well as the number of subsites surpasses 2,000. Similarly, the All Site Content page and the Tree View Control performance will decrease significantly as the number of subsites grows.
Coauthoring in Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint for .docx, .pptx and .ppsx files	10 concurrent editors per document	Threshold	Recommended maximum number of concurrent editors is 10. The boundary is 99. If there are 99 co-authors who have a single document opened for concurrent editing, any user after the 100th user sees a “File in use” error and have to view a read-only copy. More than 10 co-editors will lead to a gradually degraded user experience with more conflicts and users will have to go through more iterations to get their changes to upload successfully.
Security scope	1,000 per list	Threshold	The maximum number of unique security scopes set for a list should not exceed 1,000. A scope is the security boundary for a securable object and any of its children that do not have a separate security boundary defined. A scope contains an Access Control List (ACL), but unlike NTFS ACLs, a scope can include security principals that are specific to SharePoint Server. The members of an ACL for a scope can include Windows users, user accounts other than Windows users (such as forms-based accounts), Active Directory groups, or SharePoint groups.

Security limits

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Number of SharePoint groups a user can belong to	5,000	Supported	This is not a hard limit but it is consistent with Active Directory guidelines. There are several things that affect this number: The size of the user token The groups cache: SharePoint Server 2010 has a table that caches the number of groups a user belongs to as soon as those groups are used in access control lists (ACLs). The security check time: as the number of groups that a user is a member of increases, the time that is required for the access check increases also.
Users in a site collection	2 million per site collection	Supported	You can add millions of people to your Web site by using Microsoft Windows security groups to manage security instead of using individual users. This limit is based on manageability and ease of navigation in the user interface. When you have many entries (security groups of users) in the site collection (more than one thousand), you should use Windows PowerShell to manage users instead of the UI. This will provide a better management experience.
Active Directory Principles/Users in a SharePoint group	5,000 per SharePoint group	Supported	SharePoint Server 2010 enables you to add users or Active Directory groups to a SharePoint group. Having up to 5,000 users (or Active Directory groups or users) in a SharePoint group provides acceptable performance. The activities most affected by this limit are as follows: Fetching users to validate permissions. This operation takes incrementally longer with growth in number of users in a group. Rendering the membership of the view. This operation will always require time.
SharePoint groups	10,000 per site collection	Supported	Above 10,000 groups, the time to execute operations is increased significantly. This is especially true of adding a user to an existing group, creating a new group, and rendering group views.
Security principal: size of the Security Scope	5,000 per Access Control List (ACL)	Supported	The size of the scope affects the data that is used for a security check calculation. This calculation occurs every time that the scope changes. There is no hard limit, but the bigger the scope, the longer the calculation takes.

Search limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for Search.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
SharePoint search service applications	20 per farm	Supported	Multiple SharePoint search service applications can be deployed on the same farm, because you can assign search components and databases to separate servers. The recommended limit of 20 is less than the maximum limit for all service applications in a farm.
Crawl databases and database Items	10 crawl databases per search service application 25 million items per crawl database	Threshold	The crawl database stores the crawl data (time/status, etc) about all items that have been crawled. The supported limit is 10 crawl databases per SharePoint Search service application. The recommended limit is 25 million items per crawl database (or a total of four crawl databases per search service application).
Crawl components	16 per search service application	Threshold	The recommended limit per application is 16 total crawl components; with two per crawl database, and two per server, assuming the server has at least eight processors (cores). The total number of crawl components per server must be less than 128/(total query components) to minimize propagation I/O degradation. Exceeding the recommended limit may not increase crawl performance; in fact, crawl performance may decrease based on available resources on the crawl server, database, and content host.
Index partitions	20 per search service application; 128 total	Threshold	The index partition holds a subset of the search service application index. The recommended limit is 20. Increasing the number of index partitions results in each partition holding a smaller subset of the index, reducing the RAM and disk space that is needed on the query server hosting the query component assigned to the index partition. The boundary for the total number of index partitions is 128.
Indexed items	100 million per search service application; 10 million per index partition	Supported	SharePoint Search supports index partitions, each of which contains a subset of the search index. The recommended maximum is 10 million items in any partition. The overall recommended maximum number of items (e.g., people, list items, documents, Web pages) is 100 million.
Crawl log entries	100 million per search application	Supported	This is the number of individual log entries in the crawl log. It will follow the “Indexed items” limit.
Property databases	10 per search service application;128 total	Threshold	The property database stores the metadata for items in each index partition associated with it. An index partition can only be associated with one property store. The recommended limit is 10 property databases per search service application. The boundary for index partitions is 128.
Query components	128 per search application; 64/(total crawl components) per server	Threshold	The total number of query components is limited by the ability of the crawl components to copy files. The maximum number of query components per server is limited by the ability of the query components to absorb files propagated from crawl components.
Scope rules	100 scope rules per scope; 600 total per search service application	Threshold	Exceeding this limit will reduce crawl freshness, and delay potential results from scoped queries.
Scopes	200 per site	Threshold	This is a recommended limit per site. Exceeding this limit may reduce crawl efficiency and, if the scopes are added to the display group, affect end-user browser latency. Also, display of the scopes in the search administration interface degrades as the number of scopes passes the recommended limit.
Display groups	25 per site	Threshold	Display groups are used for a grouped display of scopes through the user interface. Exceeding this limit starts degrading the scope experience in the search administration interface.
Alerts	1,000,000 per search application	Supported	This is the tested limit.
Content sources	50 per search service application	Threshold	The recommended limit of 50 can be exceeded up to the boundary of 500 per search service application. However, fewer start addresses should be used, and the concurrent crawl limit must be followed.
Start addresses	100 per content source	Threshold	The recommended limit can be exceeded up to the boundary of 500 per content source. However, the more start addresses you have, the fewer content sources should be used. When you have many start address, we recommend that you put them as links on an html page, and have the HTTP crawler crawl the page, following the links.
Concurrent crawls	20 per search application	Threshold	This is the number of crawls underway at the same time. Exceeding this number may cause the overall crawl rate to decrease.
Crawled properties	500,000 per search application	Supported	These are properties that are discovered during a crawl.
Crawl impact rule	100	Threshold	Recommended limit of 100 per farm. The recommendation can be exceeded; however, display of the site hit rules in the search administration interface is degraded. At approximately 2000 site hit rules, the Manage Site Hit Rules page becomes unreadable.
Crawl rules	100 per search service application	Threshold	This value can be exceeded; however, display of the crawl rules in the search administration interface is degraded.
Managed properties	100,000 per search service application	Threshold	These are properties used by the search system in queries. Crawled properties are mapped to managed properties.
Mappings	100 per managed property	Threshold	Exceeding this limit may decrease crawl speed and query performance.
URL removals	100 removals per operation	Supported	This is the maximum recommended number of URLs that should be removed from the system in one operation.
Authoritative pages	1 top level and minimal second and third level pages per search service application	Threshold	The recommended limit is one top-level authoritative page, and as few second -and third-level pages as possible to achieve the desired relevance. The boundary is 200 per relevance level per search application, but adding additional pages may not achieve the desired relevance. Add the key site to the first relevance level. Add more key sites at either second or third relevance levels, one at a time, and evaluate relevance after each addition to ensure that the desired relevance effect is achieved.
Keywords	200 per site collection	Supported	The recommended limit can be exceeded up to the maximum (ASP.NET-imposed) limit of 5000 per site collection given five Best Bets per keyword. If you exceed this limit, display of keywords on the site administration user interface will degrade. The ASP.NET-imposed limit can be modified by editing the Web.Config and Client.config files (MaxItemsInObjectGraph).
Metadata properties recognized	10,000 per item crawled	Boundary	This is the number of metadata properties that can be determined and potentially mapped or used for queries when an item is crawled.

User Profile Service limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for User Profile Service.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
User profiles	2,000,000 per service application	Supported	A user profile service application can support up to 2 million user profiles with full social features functionality. This number represents the number of profiles that can be imported into the people profile store from a directory service, and also the number of profiles a user profile service application can support without leading to performance decreases in social features.
Social tags, notes and ratings	500,000,000 per social database	Supported	Up to 500 million total social tags, notes and ratings are supported in a social database without significant decreases in performance. However, database maintenance operations such as backup and restore may show decreased performance at that point.

Content deployment limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for content deployment.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Content deployment jobs running on different paths	20	Supported	For concurrently running jobs on paths that are connected to site collections in the same source content database, there is an increased risk of deadlocks on the database. For jobs that must run concurrently, we recommend that you move the site collections into different source content databases. Note: Concurrent running jobs on the same path are not possible. If you are using SQL Server snapshots for content deployment, each path creates a snapshot. This increases the I/O requirements for the source database. For more information, see About deployment paths and jobs [ http://technet.microsoft.com/en-au/library/ee721058.aspx ] .

Blog limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for blogs.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Blog posts	5000 per site	Supported	The maximum number of blog posts is 5000 per site.
Comments	1000 per post	Supported	The maximum number of comments is 1000 per post.

Managed Metadata term store (database) limits

The following table lists the recommended guidelines for managed metadata term stores.

Limit	Maximum value	Limit type	Notes
Maximum number of levels of nested terms in a term store	7	Supported	Terms in a term set can be represented hierarchically.  A term set can have up to seven levels of terms (a parent term, and six levels of nesting below it.)
Maximum number of term sets in a term store	1000	Supported	You can have up to 1000 term sets in a term store.
Maximum number of terms in a term set	30,000	Supported	30,000 is the maximum number of terms in a term set. Note: Additional labels for the same term, such as synonyms and translations, do not count as separate terms.
Total number of items in a term store	1,000,000	Supported	An item is either a term or a term set. The sum of the number of terms and term sets cannot exceed 1,000,000. Additional labels for the same term, such as synonyms and translations, do not count as separate terms. Note: You cannot have both the maximum number of term sets and the maximum number of terms simultaneously in a term store.

9 New Features in SharePoint 2013

Authentication, search, social, mobile improvements, and more

If you've not had time yet to work with SharePoint 2013 Preview, here's a look at what's new so far. Your assessment of the value of said new features will vary, depending on your mileage and usage.
Authentication
Microsoft says that SharePoint 2013 Preview has been improved to make claims-based authentication easier to use. It extends support for application authentication via Open Authorization 2.0 (OAuth) as well as for server-to-server authentication.
 

SharePoint 2013 Sample Authentication Architecture Fragment Users can grant apps in the SharePoint store and catalog access to certain resources and data. Server-to-server security tokens that contain user identity claims enable cross-server authenticated access between, say, SharePoint 2013 Preview and Exchange 2013 Preview. (See also Microsoft's architecture posters website for the one labeled  "Extranet with Dedicated Zones for Authentication" and to see full views of the image excerpts below.)
Business Connectivity Services
Microsoft added a bunch of new features to BCS in SharePoint.
 

SharePoint 2013 BCS Architecture You might like these: Support for OData Business Data Connectivity (BDC) connections, in addition to connections for WCF, SQL Server, and .NET assemblies. Automatic generation via Visual Studio 2010 of BDC models for OData data sources. An event listener with an event subscriber on the SharePoint 2013 Preview side, to enable SharePoint users to receive notifications of changes to the external system. Self-contained apps for SharePoint.
But wait--there's more: Enhancements to external lists that bring them to functional parity with other SharePoint lists. The exposure of the REST APIs for web and mobile app developers to use. Six new Windows PowerShell cmdlets specifically for OData. And the ability, via Business Connectivity Services Client Runtime, to have side-by-side installations of Office 2010 and Office 2013 Preview on the same client computer.
eDiscovery
Showing SharePoint's increasing presence in the world of litigation, eDiscovery improvements have been added that, unfortunately, are probably sorely needed. They include a new site template, the eDiscovery Center, which creates a portal for managing cases—you can access cases to search, hold content, and export content.
Microsoft has added improvements to in-place holds, including site-level preservation; the ability for users to work with content that's preserved; and the ability to define the scope of preservation via a query filter.
You can also now take the results of your eDiscovery search—including documents, wiki pages, Exchange email messages and tasks-- and export them into a review tool.
Mobile devices
Optimized viewing for mobile device users was a no-brainer addition to SharePoint Server 2013 Preview—it had to be done.
Other new features include the following: The ability to render a single SharePoint published site in multiple formats for different devices. The ability to enable a push notification service on a SharePoint site to send device updates to a Windows Phone device.
We're not done yet: A new geolocation field type for use in mobile app development. The ability for some devices to display PerformancePoint Web Parts, Excel Services reports, and SQL Server Reporting Services reports. And finally, enhanced viewing of Office Web apps (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) via mobile browsers.
Records management and compliance
Reflecting perhaps not a dearth of added features, but the distance SharePoint 2010's records management features had improved from SharePoint 2007's, you'll find that SharePoint 2013 Preview has enhanced compliance simply by extending retention policies to SharePoint sites.
This also applies to any Exchange Server 2013 Preview team mailboxes associated with those sites.
Business intelligence
SharePoint 2013 Preview adds tons of new features, including the following: New features in Excel for business intelligence (BI): In-Memory BI Engine (IMBI) for near-instant analysis of millions of rows of data; Power View Add-in for Excel, which offers visualizations, animations, and smart querying to enable users to visualize modeled data; decoupled PivotChart and PivotTable reports allowing for the creation of PivotChart reports without having to add a PivotTable report on the same page; and the ability to do trend analysis from cells in PivotTable reports that use OLAP data.
It also adds Excel service enhancements such as an updated Business Intelligence Center site template, and improved timeline controls.
Visio Services improvements include the ability for users to add comments to a Visio drawing on the web via Visio Services.
And PerformancePoint improvements include the ability for users to copy dashboards and dependencies to other users or site collections; an enhanced UI; support for Analysis Services Effective User feature, which eliminates the need for Kerberos delegation for per-user authentication; and support for PerformancePoint on the Apple iPad.
Social computing
It's no surprise that Microsoft wanted to beef up the social computing features in SharePoint, and with SharePoint 2013 Preview, it's on track for doing so. Basically, it's enhanced the administration and user experience, and added ways for enterprise users to collaborate more fully and naturally using social media features.
One way is by enhancing the ability create discussions—via two new templates called Community Site and Community Portal. Microsoft also redesigned the UI for MySites, and added Microblog and Newsfeeds features, and improved features users need around saving, synchronization, sharing, and moving content.
Because of the new MySites features, you'll also find Microsoft made several changes to the User Profile service application settings in Central Administration around configuring permissions, privacy, micro-blogging and newsfeeds, and more.
Web content management
Microsoft improved the video upload process for content authors, and improved image display and performance of a site with its image renditions feature, which reduces the size of an image file that is downloaded to the client.
It added an integrated translation service that gives content authors or managers the ability to choose which content will be exported for human translation and which for translation by machine.
And cross-site publishing does just as it says, giving you the ability to display content in one or more publishing site collections. You can also designate any library or list as a catalog, enabling content to be reused on publishing site collections.
It added managed navigation, which lets you use term sets to define and maintain navigation on a site. And it added the ability to create more user-friendly URLs.
In the area of branding, Microsoft made it less mysterious, and now designers use such tools as Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web, or another HTML editor, rather than having to use SharePoint Designer or Visual Studio 2013 to brand a SharePoint site.
And it added the ability for designers to design sites for display on different devices, such as tablets, smartphones, and desktops. Additional features enhance search, authoring, and publishing.
Workflow
Microsoft made architectural changes in SharePoint Workflow. If you want to have the nearly identical experience of building workflows in SharePoint 2013 Preview as you do in SharePoint 2010, you simply install SharePoint Server 2013 Preview.
But if you want the SharePoint 2013 workflow platform, you need to install and configure Windows Azure Workflow to communicate with your Preview farm. SharePoint Designer 2013 Preview includes new functionality designed specifically for Windows Azure Workflow, and called the SharePoint 2013 Workflow platform.
These new features include a visual workflow that uses a Visio 2013 Preview add-in, the ability to enable no-code web service calls from inside a workflow, new actions for the task process, the ability to start a workflow built on SharePoint 2010 from a workflow built on SharePoint 2013, and new workflow building blocks called Stage, Loop, and App Step.